Net Budgetary Impact of Ferric Citrate as a First-Line Phosphate Binder for the Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia: A Markov Microsimulation Model
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ferric citrate (FC) has demonstrated efficacy as a phosphate binder and reduces the requirements for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous (IV) iron in dialysis patients. We developed a net budgetary impact model to evaluate FC vs. other phosphate binders from the vantage of a large dialysis provider. We used a Markov microsimulation model to simulate mutually referential longitudinal effects between serum phosphate and phosphate binder dose; categories of these defined health states. Health states probabilistically determined treatment attendance and utilization of ESA and IV iron. We derived model inputs from a retrospective analysis of incident phosphate binder users from a large dialysis organization (January 2011-June 2013) and incorporated treatment effects of FC from a phase III trial. The model was run over a 1-year time horizon. We considered fixed costs of providing dialysis; costs of administering ESA and IV iron; and payment rates for dialysis, ESAs, and IV iron. In the base-case model, FC had a net budgetary impact (savings) of +US$213,223/year per 100 patients treated vs. standard of care. One-way sensitivity analyses showed a net budgetary impact of up to +US$316,296/year per 100 patients treated when higher hemoglobin levels observed with FC translated into a 30% additional ESA dose reduction, and up to +US$223,281/year per 100 patients treated when effects on missed treatment rates were varied. Two-way sensitivity analyses in which acquisition costs for ESA and IV iron were varied showed a net budgetary impact of +US$104,840 to +US$213,223/year per 100 patients treated. FC as a first-line phosphate binder would likely yield substantive savings vs. standard of care under current reimbursement.
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Comment on: “Net Budgetary Impact of Ferric Citrate as a First-Line Phosphate Binder for the Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia: A Markov Microsimulation Mode”
In 2012, total treatment costs for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [in-center dialysis and outpatient costs combined] were estimated to be about US$88,000 per person per year [1]. For payers, this represents over US$7000 per member per month (PMPM) in expenses, a substantial burden. Therefore, analyses of ESRD costs are vital. Brunelli et al. conducted a budget impact analysis of a new phosphate...
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